老毛子拓展ext4分区大小

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磁盘管理的小坑

老毛子拓展ext4分区大小

起因

分区的时候分了一个1TB的机械硬盘，如下:

文件名 起始柱面 结束柱面 大小 格式
/dev/sda1 2048 1048580095 500G ext4
/dev/sda2 1048580096 1953525167 461G NTFS

现在我想把/dev/sda2删除了，并将整个盘剩余空间分给/dev/sda1

结果

扩容成功，扩容前的内容没有丢失🐶

参考

相关命令

fdisk

fdisk工具删除/dev/sda1，/dev/sda2分区，然后创建新分区，注意开始的磁柱号要和原来的一致（是保证数据不丢失的关键步骤），我/dev/sda1是2048，所以分区号还是1，终止柱面号默认回车使用剩余磁盘的全部柱面。（我的1TB机械默认的2048扇区头和1953525167扇区尾）

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Using username "oldgerman".
oldgerman@192.168.233.1's password:


BusyBox v1.29.3 (2020-10-28 16:48:12 CST) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

[XY-C1 3.4.3.9-099_20-10-2]# 2020-10-30 15:51:57
[EK-C1 /home/root]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mtdblock0: 0 MB, 196608 bytes, 384 sectors
0 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock1: 0 MB, 65536 bytes, 128 sectors
0 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock2: 0 MB, 65536 bytes, 128 sectors
0 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock2 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock3: 1 MB, 1484288 bytes, 2899 sectors
0 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock3 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock4: 14 MB, 15292416 bytes, 29868 sectors
1 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock4 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock5: 15 MB, 16449536 bytes, 32128 sectors
1 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock5 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock6: 16 MB, 16777216 bytes, 32768 sectors
2 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock6 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sda: 932 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
121601 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Device  Boot StartCHS    EndCHS        StartLBA     EndLBA    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 *  0,32,33     1023,254,63       2048 1048580095 1048578048  500G 83 Linux
[EK-C1 /home/root]# fdisk /dev/sda

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 121601.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 932 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
121601 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Device  Boot StartCHS    EndCHS        StartLBA     EndLBA    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 *  0,32,33     1023,254,63       2048 1048580095 1048578048  500G 83 Linux

Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 932 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
121601 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Device  Boot StartCHS    EndCHS        StartLBA     EndLBA    Sectors  Size Id Type

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary partition (1-4)
   e   extended
p
Partition number (1-4):
Value is out of range
Partition number (1-4):
Value is out of range
Partition number (1-4): 1
First sector (2048-1953525167, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector or +size{,K,M,G,T} (2048-1953525167, default 1953525167):
Using default value 1953525167

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table
[EK-C1 /home/root]# e2fsck -f /dev/sda
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
ext2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block
e2fsck: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...
e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda

The superblock could not be read or does not describe a valid ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem.  If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
    e2fsck -b 8193 <device>
 or
    e2fsck -b 32768 <device>

[EK-C1 /home/root]# e2fsck -f /dev/sda1
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
e2fsck: No such file or directory while trying to open /dev/sda1
Possibly non-existent device?
[EK-C1 /home/root]# e2fsck -f /dev/sda1
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
e2fsck: No such file or directory while trying to open /dev/sda1
Possibly non-existent device?
[EK-C1 /home/root]# df -h
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
rootfs                   12.4M     12.4M         0 100% /
/dev/root                12.4M     12.4M         0 100% /
tmpfs                     8.0K         0      8.0K   0% /dev
tmpfs                    20.0M      2.1M     17.9M  10% /etc
tmpfs                     1.0M      4.0K   1020.0K   0% /home
tmpfs                     8.0K         0      8.0K   0% /media
tmpfs                     8.0K         0      8.0K   0% /mnt
tmpfs                    40.0M      1.5M     38.5M   4% /tmp
tmpfs                     4.0M    104.0K      3.9M   3% /var
tmpfs                    40.0M      1.5M     38.5M   4% /opt
[EK-C1 /home/root]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mtdblock0: 0 MB, 196608 bytes, 384 sectors
0 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock1: 0 MB, 65536 bytes, 128 sectors
0 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock2: 0 MB, 65536 bytes, 128 sectors
0 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock2 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock3: 1 MB, 1484288 bytes, 2899 sectors
0 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock3 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock4: 14 MB, 15292416 bytes, 29868 sectors
1 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock4 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock5: 15 MB, 16449536 bytes, 32128 sectors
1 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock5 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock6: 16 MB, 16777216 bytes, 32768 sectors
2 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock6 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sda: 932 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
382818 cylinders, 81 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Device  Boot StartCHS    EndCHS        StartLBA     EndLBA    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1    0,32,33     769,80,63         2048 1953525167 1953523120  931G 83 Linux
[EK-C1 /home/root]# e2fsck -f /dev/sda1
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
e2fsck: No such file or directory while trying to open /dev/sda1
Possibly non-existent device?
[EK-C1 /home/root]# e2fsck -f /dev/sda
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
ext2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block
e2fsck: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...
e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda

The superblock could not be read or does not describe a valid ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem.  If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
    e2fsck -b 8193 <device>
 or
    e2fsck -b 32768 <device>

[EK-C1 /home/root]# resize2fs /dev/sda1
-sh: resize2fs: not found
[EK-C1 /home/root]# e2fsck
Usage: e2fsck [-panyrcdfktvDFV] [-b superblock] [-B blocksize]
                [-l|-L bad_blocks_file] [-C fd] [-j external_journal]
                [-E extended-options] [-z undo_file] device

Emergency help:
 -p                   Automatic repair (no questions)
 -n                   Make no changes to the filesystem
 -y                   Assume "yes" to all questions
 -c                   Check for bad blocks and add them to the badblock list
 -f                   Force checking even if filesystem is marked clean
 -v                   Be verbose
 -b superblock        Use alternative superblock
 -B blocksize         Force blocksize when looking for superblock
 -j external_journal  Set location of the external journal
 -l bad_blocks_file   Add to badblocks list
 -L bad_blocks_file   Set badblocks list
 -z undo_file         Create an undo file
[EK-C1 /home/root]# e2fsck -f /dev/sda1
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
e2fsck: No such file or directory while trying to open /dev/sda1
Possibly non-existent device?
[EK-C1 /home/root]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mtdblock0: 0 MB, 196608 bytes, 384 sectors
0 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock1: 0 MB, 65536 bytes, 128 sectors
0 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock2: 0 MB, 65536 bytes, 128 sectors
0 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock2 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock3: 1 MB, 1484288 bytes, 2899 sectors
0 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock3 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock4: 14 MB, 15292416 bytes, 29868 sectors
1 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock4 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock5: 15 MB, 16449536 bytes, 32128 sectors
1 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock5 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mtdblock6: 16 MB, 16777216 bytes, 32768 sectors
2 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mtdblock6 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sda: 932 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
382818 cylinders, 81 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Device  Boot StartCHS    EndCHS        StartLBA     EndLBA    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1    0,32,33     769,80,63         2048 1953525167 1953523120  931G 83 Linux
[EK-C1 /home/root]# mount
rootfs on / type rootfs (rw)
/dev/root on / type squashfs (ro,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,relatime)
usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=8k)
tmpfs on /etc type tmpfs (rw,noatime,size=20480k)
tmpfs on /home type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=1024k)
tmpfs on /media type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=8k)
tmpfs on /mnt type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=8k)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=40960k)
tmpfs on /var type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=4096k)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,mode=600)
tmpfs on /opt type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=40960k)
[EK-C1 /home/root]# e2fsck -f /dev/sdb1
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
e2fsck: No such file or directory while trying to open /dev/sdb1
Possibly non-existent device?
[EK-C1 /home/root]# cd /dev
[EK-C1 /dev]# ls
bus                 mtd1                network_latency
console             mtd1ro              network_throughput
cpu_dma_latency     mtd2                null
full                mtd2ro              nvram
gpio                mtd3                port
hwnat0              mtd3ro              ppp
i2cM0               mtd4                ptmx
kmsg                mtd4ro              pts
log                 mtd5                random
loop-control        mtd5ro              rdm0
loop0               mtd6                root
loop1               mtd6ro              sda
loop2               mtdblock0           sg0
loop3               mtdblock1           spiS0
loop4               mtdblock2           tty
loop5               mtdblock3           ttyS0
loop6               mtdblock4           urandom
loop7               mtdblock5           usbdev1.1
mem                 mtdblock6           usbdev2.1
mtd0                mtk_esw             zero
mtd0ro              net
[EK-C1 /dev]# e2fsck -f /dev/sda
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
ext2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block
e2fsck: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...
e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda

The superblock could not be read or does not describe a valid ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem.  If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
    e2fsck -b 8193 <device>
 or
    e2fsck -b 32768 <device>

[EK-C1 /dev]# fsck -f /dev/sda
-sh: fsck: not found
[EK-C1 /dev]#

e2fsck

重启老毛子，在磁盘页取消挂载后用putty进入ssh，对fdisk扩容后的/dev/sda1分区使用e2fsck 命令：

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Using username "oldgerman".
oldgerman@192.168.233.1's password:


BusyBox v1.29.3 (2020-10-28 16:48:12 CST) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

[XY-C1 3.4.3.9-099_20-10-2]# 2020-10-30 16:07:09
[EK-C1 /home/root]# e2fsck  -f    /dev/sda
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
ext2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block
e2fsck: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...
e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda

The superblock could not be read or does not describe a valid ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem.  If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
    e2fsck -b 8193 <device>
 or
    e2fsck -b 32768 <device>

[EK-C1 /home/root]# e2fsck  -f    /dev/sda1
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/sda1: 73680/61054976 files (1.1% non-contiguous), 81815376/244190390 blocks

[EK-C1 /home/root]#

重启，resize2fs检查

老毛子默认是没有resize2fs命令的，我用电脑科学上网到http://bin.entware.net/mipselsf-k3.4/resize2fs_1.45.6-1_mipsel-3.4.ipk下载后传到/tmp文件夹用 opkg install 安装的，安装完自动配置环境变量，而且tmp下的安装包也不见了就很神奇

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Using username "oldgerman".
oldgerman@192.168.233.1's password:


BusyBox v1.29.3 (2020-10-28 16:48:12 CST) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

[XY-C1 3.4.3.9-099_20-10-2]# 2020-10-30 16:13:38
[EK-C1 /opt/home/admin]# resize2fs /dev/sda1
resize2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
The filesystem is already 244190390 (4k) blocks long.  Nothing to do!

[EK-C1 /opt/home/admin]#

检查

opt挂载正常，可道云正常

20201030164355